Two-component quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating is sprayed with component A as the main agent, which is composed of anionic synthetic rubber lotion, emulsified asphalt micro lotion made by special process, and a variety of chemical additives. This component is a core-shell structure composed of rubber as the continuous phase and asphalt as the dispersed phase, with high solid content and low single viscosity, and is suitable for spraying construction. Component B is a coagulant, which is an aqueous solution of corresponding concentration prepared from electrolytes such as metal salts.